• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    - Method and set of verification of the calibration of a non destructive parts control system. - The calibration verification assembly of a non-destructive testing system (1) comprising an ultrasonic probe (2) comprises a perfect reflector provided with reference defects, on which measurements are made by means of the system (1). ), a recording unit (7) configured to record the measurements made on the perfect reflector, and a data processing unit configured to determine an amplitude and flight time mapping using modeling, from the measured values received from the recording unit (7) and from predetermined characteristics of the material of the workpiece (5) to be checked.
    公开号:FR3027392A1
    申请号:FR1459875
    申请日:2014-10-15
    公开日:2016-04-22
    发明作者:Franck Bentouhami
    申请人:Airbus Operations SAS；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to a method for verifying the calibration of a non-destructive testing system of at least one part, in particular of a part of an aircraft. The non-destructive testing system considered comprises an ultrasonic probe, in particular for detecting faults inside the part, for example a piece of composite material. Ultrasonic testing is usually based on the transmission and reflection of ultrasonic waves in the material of the part to be controlled, and the analysis of echoes detected in connection with the transmitted waves.
    [0002] Generally, the verification of the calibration of such a non-destructive testing system, before the control of a part, is carried out using a reference part (or reference frame) which is manufactured in the same material and with the same process as the part to be controlled. Such reference pieces are gauge blocks whose geometry is known, controlled and regularly controlled. They have, in general, different thicknesses to be able to create a distance amplitude correction of CAD type, and flat bottom holes to verify the detection. Generally, the reference pieces are used to perform: - a check before each scan of the ultrasonic configuration (that is to say a distance amplitude correction); - a minimum detection check. These characteristics can be influenced by the ultrasonic properties, such as the frequency, the shape of the acoustic beam, the bandwidth, ..., and the mechanics of scanning means of the non-destructive control system; and a check to ensure that the non-destructive control system exhibits a behavior that can be repeated over time (by comparing mappings of the same reference piece over time). However, this method of checking the calibration of the non-destructive inspection system has a drawback related to the need to use such reference parts. Indeed, the reference parts have a high cost. In addition, their use in the verification of calibration requires: - the manufacture of many reference parts; - their periodic validation; and the manufacture of new reference parts, especially in case of wear or damage. The present invention relates to a method for verifying the calibration of a non-destructive testing system of at least one part, making it possible to remedy this drawback. According to the invention, said method for verifying the calibration of a non-destructive testing system of at least one part, said non-destructive testing system comprising at least one ultrasound probe, is remarkable in that it comprises successive steps E1-E3 consisting of: E1 making measurements, using the non-destructive control system, on at least one so-called perfect reflector, said perfect reflector comprising at least one reference defect, recording the measurements as well as performed, and to create and analyze an ultrasonic mapping of an entrance surface of the perfect reflector; E2 / to determine a virtual probe, from physical data of the ultrasonic probe, associating it with a bandwidth representative of 20 measurements made in step E1; and E3 / to determine a virtual calibration block and a virtual mapping in amplitude and flight time of a bottom surface of the virtual calibration block, using a modeling using as input the characteristics of the part, the virtual probe determined in step E2 and measurements made in step E1, and to analyze said virtual map to derive characteristics of the calibration of said non-destructive control system. Thus, thanks to the invention, the verification of the calibration is carried out using a perfect reflector having reference defects, which is used in connection with the characteristics of the material of the part, through modeling. It is thus not necessary, as specified below, to provide a reference piece by type of material and by type of part manufacturing process, which overcomes the aforementioned drawback. Advantageously, the method comprises an additional step EO prior to step E1, this additional step E0 consisting in determining the characteristics of a material corresponding to that of the part to be controlled, making it possible to define a virtual reference part used in step E1. step E3. In addition, the method advantageously consists in providing on the perfect reference frame at least one reference defect chosen from: a flat-bottomed hole; - a through hole; - a machined workpiece edge; - a zone without defects; - a ball. Moreover, said calibration verification method has at least some of the following characteristics, taken individually or in combination: the analysis in step E1 of the ultrasonic mapping of the input surface consists in checking mechanical means of the non-destructive control system; in step E3, the analysis of the virtual mapping of the bottom surface consists in checking whether reference defects of the perfect reflector are present on this virtual map and have been detected and in comparing the amplitude of the virtual map at a predetermined value; step E1 is carried out with an ultrasound probe in an initial state and virtual mapping is generated in step E3; the method comprises at least one step of storing at least some of the following information: measurements recorded in step E1; at least one map; - properties of the ultrasonic probe. The present invention also relates to a method for controlling a part, using a non-destructive control system comprising at least one ultrasonic probe, said control method comprising a method for verifying the calibration of the non-destructive control system. destructive, such as that mentioned above. The present invention further relates to a set of verification of the calibration of a non-destructive control system, for the implementation of the aforementioned method. According to the invention, this set comprises: at least one perfect reflector, comprising at least one reference defect and on which measurements are made by means of the non-destructive control system; a recording unit configured to record the measurements made on said perfect reflector; and - a data processing unit configured to determine at least one virtual map in amplitude and flight time using modeling, from measured values and received from said recording unit. Advantageously, said at least one reference defect of the perfect frame of reference is chosen from: a hole with a flat bottom; A through hole; - a machined workpiece edge; - a zone without defects; - a ball. The appended figures will make it clear how the invention can be realized. In these figures, identical references designate similar elements. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary non-destructive control system to which the invention applies. FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic plan view of an example of a perfect reflector that can be used for the implementation of the invention. FIG. 3 illustrates a verification set for implementing at least one calibration check.
    [0003] Figures 4 and 5 are block diagrams, respectively, of a calibration verification method and a non-destructive part control method. The present invention therefore applies to a non-destructive testing system 1 of at least one part 5. As regards the part, it may be, for example, a panel of a fuselage of an aircraft, in particular of a transport plane. The present invention is described, by way of example, for a composite material part 5, but can be applied to any type of material. As shown diagrammatically in FIG. 1, a non-destructive type control system 1 comprises at least one ultrasound probe 2, mounted on a mechanical assembly 3. The ultrasonic probe 2 emits waves in the form of an acoustic beam whose frequency is located in the ultrasound frequency range (between 16,000 and 10,000,000 Hertz). The mechanical assembly 3 comprises conventional means 4 (such as a source of emission, a robot, a gantry, ...) for generating a scan of the ultrasonic probe 2 on a part 5 positioned on a support 6 and to adjust its position, as illustrated by an arrow 4A. In the example described below, the ultrasound probe 2 follows a scanning path parallel to a surface of the part 5. Usually, the ultrasonic probe 2 is characterized by different physical properties such as frequency, shape, the focusing or else the bandwidth of the acoustic beam, ... The control system 1 makes it possible to perform non-destructive testing of a part 5 (for example made of composite material), in particular a part of an aircraft, to detect The non-destructive ultrasonic testing comprises, in the usual way: the emission of ultrasonic waves by the probe 2 to the part 5 to be checked, as schematically illustrated by an arrow A1 in FIG. The ultrasonic waves enter the room 5 through a first face of the room 5, called the entrance surface 5A, and pass through the room 5 to a second face of the room 5, called the bottom surface. 5B; the reflection of the ultrasonic waves by the piece 5 and the detection of the ultrasonic waves reflected by the piece 5 (as illustrated by an arrow A2). These ultrasonic waves are reflected by the input surface 5A (input ultrasound), as well as by the bottom surface 5B and by different elements, such as defects, located between the input surface 5A and the bottom surface 5B (background ultrasound); and the generation and analysis of an amplitude (reflected waves) and flight time (data representative of the thickness of the part 5) of the reflected ultrasonic waves. The control system 1 comprises an assembly 10, this assembly 10 10 comprising, as represented in FIG. 3: a data processing unit 11 comprising a data processing software (such as the CIVA® software edited by the CEA company LIST) configured to model a mapping of reflected ultrasonic waves from characteristics and properties of the material of the workpiece 5, such as the type of composite material (nature of the resin, fiber type, layup sequence, fiber volume ratio) , ...) and ultrasonic characteristics of the acquisition chain (which are measured on a perfect reflector as specified below); a human / machine interface unit 12, for example a screen / keyboard assembly, enabling an operator to input data into the data processing unit 11 via a link 13 in particular; a recording unit 7 for recording the measurements made using the ultrasonic probe 2 and received via a link 8 (FIG. 1) and supplying the data recorded to the data processing unit 11, either directly ( for example via a link 14), or indirectly via the human / machine interface unit 12; and - data presentation means 15, for example a display or printing unit, which receives via a link 16 the results of the processing operations implemented by the data processing unit 11 and presents them to a user. operator. The present invention provides, for carrying out verification of the calibration of the control system 1, the use of a so-called perfect reflector reflector 9 (or standard reflector), shown by way of illustration in FIG. 2. This perfect reflector 9 contains reference defects C1 to C5 made by machining (traversing or not), the dimensional characteristics of which are known, as well as zones without defects such as the zone C6.
    [0004] In a particular embodiment, the perfect reflector 9 is made in the general form of a rectangular plate made of a material such as glass or metal. It has reference defects C1 to C5, such as: a hole C1 with a flat bottom (or through), for example 6 mm in diameter; a machining C2 of the edge of the plate (crossing or not), for example 6 mm wide; a machining C3, C4 on the plate, for example 6 mm wide; - A characteristic end C5 recess (for example of serrated shape, or comb). Advantageously, the perfect reflector 9 may also comprise a ball C7. The verification of the calibration of the control system 1 is implemented before the effective control of the part 5, using the assembly 10. This verification shows a sequence of steps E0, and E1 to E3 (FIG. ) such that: 20 - E0: obtaining and archiving the characteristics of a material corresponding to that of the part 5; El: inspection of the perfect reflector 9, generation and analysis of an ultrasonic mapping of the input surface of the perfect reflector 9, called physical input mapping; E2: creation, in the data processing unit 11, of a probe, called a virtual probe, from physical data of the ultrasonic probe 2, such as dimensions, geometry, etc., associating with a bandwidth, representative of the measurements carried out in step E1; and E3: modeling, by the data processing unit 11, of a virtual calibration block and mapping in amplitude and in flight time of the bottom surface of the virtual calibration block, called virtual background mapping. Step E0 is a step implemented prior to the actual verification of the calibration. This step EO makes it possible to obtain and archive characteristics of the material of the part 5 to be checked later, in particular in the form of a matrix of coefficients Cij. The coefficients Cij are relative to a constant of elasticity and correspond to the different values of a matrix used to mathematically retranscribe the mechanical behavior of the material. This EO step may be implemented on a characterization bench or by means of an inverse method (starting from real ultrasonic data obtained on a single reference piece by material and process). This step EO is implemented once. The characteristics of the material of the part 5 can be obtained centrally in a specific site or laboratory that archives them and then provides them to the different users carrying out non-destructive tests using a control system 1. This step EO makes it possible to define in the data processing unit 11 a virtual reference piece whose properties of the material, namely for a composite material the nature of the fibers, the type of resin, the layup sequence and the volume ratio of fibers, are known and can be used as input parameters. The step EO thus makes it possible: - to obtain and archive the matrix of coefficients Cij, these operations being performed once for a given material and the results being reused each time a calibration check for a control of a part 5, made in said given material, is implemented; and the creation of a virtual reference piece, recorded in the data processing unit 11. Moreover, the steps E1 to E3 are carried out as part of a non-destructive inspection of a piece 5. Step E1 consists of making and recording measurements of an inspection of the perfect reflector 9, by scanning the ultrasound probe 2 on the perfect reflector 9, positioned on the support 6. The signals of the input ultrasound at each point (typically so-called "A-Scan" signals in the input surface are processed by the data processing unit 11 (and in particular the data processing software), which generates (or creates) a mapping of the entrance surface of the perfect reflector 9, called physical input mapping. The analysis of the physical input mapping consists of identifying, if there is, one or more areas of the input surface that have not been scanned by the ultrasonic wave beam (or only partially) due to a mechanical failure of the means 4, such as the emission or scanning system of the beam (shift of an axis, for example) of the ultrasonic probe 2. Analysis of the "A-Scan" signals of the zone C6 provides information on the frequency content of the probe 2. Advantageously, the analysis of the input mapping of the ball C7 validates the physical properties of the ultrasonic probe 2 and makes it possible to identify any mechanical anomalies in the focusing system of the ultrasonic wave beam emitted by the ultrasonic probe 2.
    [0005] During step E2, a virtual probe is generated in the data processing unit 11, and more particularly in the data processing software. This virtual probe has the same physical characteristics (dimensions, geometry of the different mechanical elements, identification of the elements activated in the event of a multi-element probe, etc.) than the ultrasound probe 2. Advantageously, the virtual probe generated is archived in the data processing unit 11, and this step E2 is performed only when the ultrasound probe 2 is replaced or when it is desired to compare the state of the ultrasonic probe at a given instant with respect to a previous state.
    [0006] A value of bandwidth (and central frequency if necessary) of the virtual probe thus created is determined in the data processing software at each calibration. The value entered corresponds to the value of the bandwidth of the measurements made in step E1. During step E3, the data processing software models a virtual calibration block representing a part in the material of part 5 comprising the reference defects of the perfect reflector 9 (this virtual calibration wedge corresponds to a calibration wedge conventionally used in the prior art). For this, the data processing software uses: the characteristics of the material of the part 5 obtained in step E0; the measurements made and recorded in step E1; and the virtual probe generated in step E2.
    [0007] The software then generates a virtual map in amplitude and in flight time of the bottom surface of the virtual calibration block, called virtual background mapping. The analysis of the virtual background mapping, that is to say the virtual mapping of the background echo, consists in verifying that the different reference defects of the perfect reflector 9 are present on this map and have therefore been detected (when measuring in El and during modeling). If necessary, the dimensional characteristics of the defects present on the background virtual map (echo) are measured and compared to the known dimensional characteristics of the reference defects of the perfect reflector. Furthermore, the amplitude of the virtual background mapping is compared with the expected value (for example 80%) and homogeneous. In an alternative embodiment of the verification of the calibration, step El is performed when the ultrasonic probe 2 is in its initial state, for example after purchase, installation and adjustment on the non-destructive control system 1. In this variant, the measurements made on the perfect reflector 9 are used during step E3 and will make it possible to generate an initial virtual background mapping, which may serve as a reference for subsequent calibrations. The usual calibration is thus replaced by a method based on modeling and scanning of a perfect reflector 9 exhibiting standard (or reference) defects in order to acquire and verify the quality of the measurement (homogeneity of the amplitude, etc.). .) and the mechanical behavior of the ultrasonic probe 2 and the mechanical assembly 3. The perfect reflector 9 is more stable in time and less expensive to achieve. In addition, the characteristics and properties of the material of the part 5 are stored in the data processing unit 11 (or in a storage unit 17 specified below) and reused at each calibration. Thus, this solution makes it possible to overcome much of the systematic need for a reference frame (or gauge block) made with the same material and process as the part 5 to control. Depending on the results of the verification of the calibration, implemented using the verification set 10, various actions are possible. By way of illustration: - if the calibration is within acceptable predefined limits, probe 2 and control system 1 are considered as compliant for control of part 5; - If a slight calibration error appears, with small variations, it is possible to perform a software compensation of the measurements; if the calibration defect remains reduced, it is also possible to make a correction of the mechanical adjustment of the probe 2; and - if a large calibration defect is detected, probe 2 can be replaced by another probe, and then check the calibration of this new probe.
    [0008] In a particular embodiment, the assembly 10 also comprises, as represented in FIG. 3, the storage unit 17 for storing the different data of the verification of the calibration of the ultrasound probe 2 received from the unit of recording 7 via a link 18, such as the properties of the probe 2, the parameters of the measurements made and the mappings generated. This storage unit 17 thus makes it possible to evaluate and characterize possible evolutions of the control system 1 over time. The method of non-destructive control of a part 5, implemented using the control system 1, comprises the following successive steps F1 to F4, represented in FIG. 5: a step F1 of preparation of the control, comprising : - a cleaning of the part 5 (possibly a stall to optimize the wettability); - setting up the elements of the control system 1; a step F2 for verifying the calibration of the ultrasonic probe 2, as described above and comprising in particular the steps E1 to E3 mentioned above; a step F3 of inspection and analysis of the part 5, identical to the inspections and analyzes carried out conventionally, with a scanning of the part 5 and a recording of the echography of bottom using the unit of record 7, and possibly the input ultrasound. Then: an analysis of the mappings of the piece in amplitude, to ensure that the amplitude is homogeneous and at the desired value (for example 80%); and an analysis of the maps of the part 5 in flight time, to check the presence or the absence of defects; and 10 - a control end step F4, comprising: - a withdrawal of the part 5 from the control system 1; and - if necessary, dismantling the elements of the control system 1.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. A method for verifying the calibration of a non-destructive testing system of at least one part, said non-destructive testing system (1) comprising at least one ultrasonic probe (2), characterized in that it comprises steps E at E3 successive consisting: El / to perform measurements, using the system (1) of non-destructive testing, on at least one reflector (9) said perfect, said perfect reflector (9) comprising at least one reference defect recording the measurements thus made, and creating and analyzing an ultrasonic mapping of an input surface of the perfect reflector (9); E2 / to determine a virtual probe, from physical data of the ultrasound probe (2), associating it with a bandwidth representative of measurements made in step E1; and E3 / to model a virtual calibration block and to create a virtual cartography in amplitude and time of flight of a bottom surface of the virtual calibration block, using a model using characteristics as input data of the piece (5), the virtual probe determined in step E2 and measurements made in step E1, and to analyze said virtual map to derive characteristics of the calibration of said non-destructive control system (1).
    [0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an additional step EO prior to step E1, this additional step E0 consisting in determining the characteristics of a material corresponding to that of the part (5) to be controlled. , for defining a virtual reference part used in step E3.
    [0003]
    3. Method according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the analysis in step El of the ultrasonic mapping of the input surface is to check mechanical means of the system (1) of non-destructive testing .
    [0004]
    4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that step E3, the analysis of the virtual mapping of the bottom surface is to check if reference defects of the perfect reflector (9). ) are present on this virtual map and have been detected and compare the amplitude of the virtual map to a predetermined value.
    [0005]
    5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that step El is performed with an ultrasound probe (2) in an initial state and a virtual map is generated in step E3.
    [0006]
    6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it consists in providing on the perfect reference frame (9) at least one reference defect selected from: - a flat bottom hole; - a through hole; - a machined workpiece edge; - a zone without defects; - a ball.
    [0007]
    7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises at least one step of storing at least some of the following information: - measurements recorded in step El; at least one map; - properties of the ultrasonic probe (2).
    [0008]
    8. Method for controlling a part, using a non-destructive testing system comprising at least one ultrasonic probe, characterized in that it comprises a method for verifying the calibration of the control system (1) non-destructive, according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
    [0009]
    9. Set of verification of the calibration of a non-destructive control system, for carrying out the method specified in any one of claims 1 to 7, said assembly (10) comprising: - at least one perfect reflector ( 9) comprising at least one reference defect and on which measurements are made by means of the non-destructive testing system (1) - a recording unit (7) configured to record the measurements made on said perfect reflector (9) ; and - a data processing unit (11) configured to determine at least one virtual map in amplitude and time of flight using a modeling, from measured values and received from said recording unit ( 7).
    [0010]
    10. The assembly of claim 9, characterized in that said at least one reference defect of the perfect frame (9) is selected from: - a flat bottom hole; - a through hole; - a machined workpiece edge; - a zone without defects; - a ball.
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    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1459875A|FR3027392B1|2014-10-15|2014-10-15|METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR VERIFYING THE CALIBRATION OF A NON - DESTRUCTIVE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PARTS.|FR1459875A| FR3027392B1|2014-10-15|2014-10-15|METHOD AND ASSEMBLY FOR VERIFYING THE CALIBRATION OF A NON - DESTRUCTIVE CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PARTS.|
    EP15188766.8A| EP3009836B1|2014-10-15|2015-10-07|Method and assembly for verifying the calibration of a system for non-destructive testing of workpieces|
    CN201510932492.2A| CN105572229B|2014-10-15|2015-10-13|Method for verifying the calibration of a non-destructive testing system for components and assembly|
    US14/883,374| US9983174B2|2014-10-15|2015-10-14|Method and system to verify the calibration of a system for non-destructive testing|
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